Loch Linnhe Experiments

S1R personel have participated in a series of internal wave remote sensing experiments that were performed in Loch Linnhe, Scotland in the summers of 1987, 1989 and 1991. During these experiments ship-generated internal waves were measured with a wide variety of in water sensors at the same time that synthetic aperture radars (SARs) were used to create radar images of the surface manifestations of these waves.

This is a composite image of four SAR internal wave images taken at four different wavelengths from three different aircraft. (Click on the image again to see a higher resolution version.) The source ship is travelling from right to left in these images. The internal waves are clearly visible. The bright spots in the upper left of the images are instrumentation platforms. The bright rectangle in the upper middle of the images are salmon pens on the side of the loch.

This image, from the MIT/Lincoln Lab Ka-band SAR, was taken on August 11, 1989 16:40 UTC. It shows the wake of the RMAS Roysterer traveling at 6.1 m/s. The center of this image corresponds to an incidence angle of 30 degrees. This image has been expanded in height (range) by a factor of 2 relative to its width (azimuth). Features to note are the outer cusps of the surface Kelvin wake, the meandering centerline wake with the lower edge turning from white to black and the transverse Kelvin waves visible within the centerline wake. The faint straight line just above the centerline wake is part of the internal wave wake.

Click here to see the results of our analysis of these wakes and comparison with models.

Internal wave signatures were also studied in the Joint Ocean Wave Imaging Project (JOWIP).